Low Voltage Analog Circuit Design Technqiues - IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine

The desire for portability of electronic equipment generated a need for low power systems in batteryoperated products like hearing aids, implantable cardiac pacemakers, cellphones, and hand held multimedia terminals. Low power dissipation is attractive, and perhaps even essential in these applications to have reasonable battery life and weight. The ultimate goal in design is close to having battery-less systems, because the battery contributes greatly to volume and Abstract—Analog signal processing is fast and can address real world problems. The applications of battery powered analog and mixed mode electronic devices require designing analog circuits to operate at low voltage levels. In this paper, some of the issues facing analog designers in implementing low voltage circuits are discussed, and possible low voltage design techniques are examined. We do not intend to present a review of state-of-the-art technology, but we do describe briefly almost all low voltage design techniques suitable for analog circuit structures along with their merits and demerits.